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Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Klamath Food, Fruit
Berries used for food.
Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 104
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Luiseno Drug, Gynecological Aid
Flowers used for female complaints.
Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 229
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Luiseno Food, Dried Food
Fruit eaten dried.
Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 229
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Luiseno Food, Fruit
Fruit eaten fresh.
Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 229
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Luiseno Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Wood used to make bows.
Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 229
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Lummi Food, Winter Use Food
Berries steamed on rocks, cooled and eaten in the winter.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 47
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Mendocino Indian Drug, Dermatological Aid
Decoction of plant rubbed on bruises.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 388
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Mendocino Indian Drug, Febrifuge
Decoction of plant rubbed on the body for fevers.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 388
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Mendocino Indian Drug, Orthopedic Aid
Decoction of plant rubbed on sprains.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 388
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Mendocino Indian Drug, Veterinary Aid
Decoction of plant used as an antiseptic wash for itch and sores on animals.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 388
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Mendocino Indian Food, Dried Food
Berries formerly dried for winter use.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 388
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Mendocino Indian Food, Fruit
Berries formerly eaten raw.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 388
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Mendocino Indian Food, Pie & Pudding
Berries made into pies and used for food.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 388
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Mendocino Indian Food, Preserves
Berries made into jelly and used for food.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 388
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Mendocino Indian Other, Fuel
Pith formerly used as a combustible material for starting fires.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 388
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Mendocino Indian Other, Fuel
Soft wood used as a twirling stick to make fire by friction.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 388
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Mendocino Indian Other, Musical Instrument
Pithless wood used for flutes and other dance instruments.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 388
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Mendocino Indian Other, Toys & Games
Pithless wood used to make 'squirt guns' and whistles.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 388
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Mewuk Drug, Unspecified
Flowers and roots used for medicine.
Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 366
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Miwok Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy
Decoction of blossoms taken for ague.
Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 172
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Montana Indian Drug, Antirheumatic (External)
Decoction of dried flowers applied externally for sprains and bruises.
Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Montana Indian Drug, Dermatological Aid
Decoction of dried flowers used as an antiseptic wash for open sores and itch.
Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Montana Indian Drug, Emetic
Inner bark used as a strong emetic.
Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Montana Indian Drug, Febrifuge
Decoction of dried flowers applied externally for fevers.
Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Montana Indian Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid
Decoction of dried flowers used internally for stomach troubles.
Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Montana Indian Drug, Pulmonary Aid
Decoction of dried flowers used internally for lung troubles.
Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Montana Indian Food, Beverage
Fruit used to make.
Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Montana Indian Food, Fruit
Fruit eaten raw or cooked.
Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Montana Indian Food, Pie & Pudding
Fruit used to make pies.
Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Montana Indian Food, Preserves
Fruit used to make jelly.
Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Montana Indian Other, Tools
Wood used as a twirling stick in fire making.
Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Disinfectant
Plant used for lightning infection.
Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 43
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Veterinary Aid
Plant used for livestock with lightning infection.
Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 43
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Antirheumatic (External)
Dead stalks used to make a steambath for arthritis or rheumatism.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 94
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Okanagan-Colville Food, Frozen Food
Berries frozen for future use.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 94
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Okanagan-Colville Food, Fruit
Berries used for food.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 94
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Okanagan-Colville Other, Musical Instrument
Stems used to make 'flageolets,' a musical instrument.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 94
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Paiute Drug, Antidiarrheal
Infusion of dried flowers taken for diarrhea.
Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 138
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Paiute Drug, Antirheumatic (External)
Poultice of heated stems applied to the body that ached from rheumatism and similar disorders.
Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 111
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Paiute Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid
Decoction of root scrapings taken for stomachaches.
Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 111
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Paiute Food, Dried Food
Fruits dried and eaten.
Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 100
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Paiute Food, Fruit
Berries eaten fresh or boiled.
Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 111
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Paiute Food, Fruit
Fruits eaten fresh.
Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 100
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Paiute Other, Musical Instrument
Stems used to make four holed flutes.
Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 111
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Pomo, Kashaya Drug, Febrifuge
Infusion of dried flowers taken to break a fever.
Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 42
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Pomo, Kashaya Food, Fruit
Tart berries eaten fresh in small quantities, canned or cooked for pie filling.
Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 42
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Toys & Games
Branches used to make whistles and clappers.
Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 42
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Pomo, Little Lakes Drug, Antihemorrhagic
Decoction of plant taken for bleeding lungs from consumption.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 388
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Pomo, Little Lakes Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy
Decoction of plant taken for bleeding lungs from consumption.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 388
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Pomo, Potter Valley Drug, Disinfectant
Decoction of leaves used as an antiseptic wash.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 388